PIE Roots An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.
B7 roots Root Meaning Semantic Field Confidence Descendants bʰeHg-d- to bake, to harden by heat food craft high 0 bʰerw- to boil, brew, ferment food cooking fermentation high 0 bʰerw-mn̥ that which ferments, yeast food fermentation high 0 bʰerw-mn̥-₂ boiling, fermenting mass food temperature process high 0 bʰlendʰ-mn̥ a mixing, a blending together action food medium 0 bʰrewh₁- to brew, to boil food agriculture high 0 bʰruHg- to enjoy, to use social food high 0
D5 roots deh₂-p- to apportion a sacrificial meal religion food medium 0 delk- sweet, agreeable to taste food sensation medium 0 dʰewgʷʰ- to be useful, to produce craft food high 0 dʰǵʰu- fish, aquatic creature animals food high 0 dʰugh₂- to milk, to be productive food agriculture medium 0
G17 roots ǵew- to taste, to enjoy senses food medium 0 ǵews-mn̥ act of tasting, a sampling food sensation medium 0 ǵʰans- goose animal nature food high 0 gʰerH- to rub, scrape, grind action food high 0 ghes- to eat, to consume food food body medium 0 gʰews- to taste, to try senses food high 0 gʰrendʰ- to grind, crush food action material high 0 gʰrendʰ-mn̥- ground meal, something ground food process high 0 ǵnebʰ- to gnaw, bite food action medium 0 gʷelh₃-mn̥ an acorn, a nut food body medium 0 gʷerh₃-s- to devour, consuming greedily food body high 0 gʷeyh₃-tl- means of living, sustenance food life high 0 gʷher-₃ to boil, to heat a liquid fire food high 0 gʷher-mn̥ warm, to ferment food agriculture medium 0 gʷreh₂-no-₂ grain, kernel agriculture food high 0 gʷreh₂no- grain, wheat food agriculture medium 0 ǵyewh₁- to chew, to masticate food body medium 0
H6 roots h₁ed-₂ to eat, consume, bite food consumption high 0 h₃erbʰ-eh₂- herb, green plant plant food high 0 h₂ewk- to cook, ripen by heat food cooking heat medium 0 h₂melǵ- to milk, to wipe food agriculture high 0 h₂melh₂-mn̥ act of grinding, a mill food tool high 0 h₂melḱ- to milk, wipe agriculture food body high 0
K7 roots kerh₂-d- to mix, to stir together craft food medium 0 krew- to be raw, bloody flesh body blood food high 0 krewh₂- raw flesh, blood body biology food high 0 krewH- raw flesh, to congeal blood body food high 0 krewp- to form a crust, coagulate texture food medium 0 krewp-mn̥-₂ a crusting, outer shell texture food high 0 kʷel- to turn, to move around, to cultivate food agriculture motion high 0
L1 root lóksos salmon, trout animals food high 0
M10 roots medʰu mead, honey-wine, sweet drink food social high 0 médʰu honey, mead, sweet drink substance food drink high 0 meh₂-d- to be wet, drip, flow moisture food agriculture high 0 meh₂-ǵ- to knead, to work dough craft food high 0 meld-mn̥- a grinding, milled substance food tool high 0 melh₂- to grind, to crush making food high 0 mélit honey, sweet substance food nature high 0 mēms- meat, flesh food body medium 0 mendʰ-₂ to chew, jaw, mouth food body high 0 mew-d- to be moist, musty moisture food high 0
P10 roots peh₂-mn̥ that which feeds, food food social high 0 peh₂-mn̥-₂ act of feeding, nourishment food society high 0 peh₂-s- to feed, to graze, to protect food agriculture high 0 peh₂-sk- to feed, nourish, graze food agriculture high 0 peh₂-sk-eyo- to keep feeding, nourishing food nurture high 0 peh₂-tl- a dish, a flat vessel for food food craft medium 0 peh₂-tó- fed, pastured, protected food agriculture religion high 0 pekʷ- to cook, to ripen food agriculture high 0 peyt- to nourish, feed food nurture high 0 piH- fat, sap, to be fat qualities food high 0
S7 roots seh₂l- salt, sea water food taste maritime high 0 seh₂l-d- salted, preserved food preservation high 0 seh₂l-mn̥- salt, seasoning, preservation food trade high 0 seh₂l-s- the salty substance, brine food material high 0 séh₁mn̥ seed, sown grain food agriculture high 0 seh₂wl̥- salt, mineral seasoning nature food high 0 sweh₂d- sweet, pleasant qualities food high 0