PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B3 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence
bheh₂ǵ-es-	beech tree, its nut	plantwriting	high
bʰeHg-mn̥	beech tree (nominal)	planttreewriting	high
bʰleh₃-	to bloom, flourish, flower	plantgrowth	high

D3 roots

dheHl-	to bloom, be green	plantgrowthcolor	medium
dóru	tree, wood, oak	naturematerialplant	high
doru-mn̥-	beam, timber, spear-shaft	plantmaterial	high

G3 roots

ǵhel-₃	to grow, be green, vigorous	growthcolorplant	high
gʰreh₁-	to grow, to become green	natureplantgrowth	high
gʰreh₁-dʰ-	to grow green, sprout	plantgrowthcolor	high

H3 roots

h₂eḱ-sti-	sharp awl, bristle	toolplantsharpness	medium
h₃erbʰ-eh₂-	herb, green plant	plantfood	high
h₂erd-	to rise, high, grow tall	growthplantheight	medium

K1 root

kelh₂-mo-

stalk, stem, reed

plantmaterial

medium

W2 roots

werdʰ-o-₂	rose, thorn-plant	plantnature	medium	0
werh₃-dʰ-	root, that which grows upward	plantagriculture	high	0