PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰreg-₂	to break apart, be brittle	texturedestruction	high	0

G5 roots

gʰer-s-eyo-	to keep bristling, being rough	textureemotion	medium
gʰers-	to bristle, be rough, stubble	textureemotion	high
gley-	to stick, adhere, be slimy	textureadhesion	high
gʷʰer-s-	to bristle, be rough	emotiontexture	high
gʷremH-	to be moist, damp, soggy	texturemoisture	medium

H2 roots

h₂eḱ-r-is-	sharp point, keen edge	texturequality	high	0
hrewh₁-	to tear up, make rough	texturedestruction	high	0

K7 roots

karh₂-tó-	hard, strong, resistant	texturestrength	high
ḱeh₁-smen-	gray, ash-colored	colortexture	medium
keh₃l-	to be hard, callous	texturebody	medium
ḱerh₃-tó-	mixed, blended together	texturemixture	high
kreHp-₂	to shrivel, crisp, crinkle	textureshape	medium
krewp-	to form a crust, coagulate	texturefood	medium
krewp-mn̥-₂	a crusting, outer shell	texturefood	high

L1 root

leyH-n-

smooth fabric, linen-like

texturematerialdomestic

high

M1 root

meldʰ-₂

to be soft, yield to pressure

texturetemperature

high

P2 roots

pleḱ-s-	woven, folded, layered	texturestructure	high	0
plew-k-mn̥-	feathery, downy, fluffy	texturematerial	high	0

S2 roots

smeh₂-dʰ-	to rub smooth, smear	texturesurface	high	0
stey-bʰ-	stiff, rigid, firm	texturequality	high	0

T3 roots

ten-ro-	stretched thin, delicate, tender	texturequality	high
tenkʷ-	to become thick, dense, firm	texturedensity	medium
tewg-	to be strong, firm, tough	texturestrength	medium