Daughter Branches
The Indo-European language family descends from Proto-Indo-European through a series of intermediate proto-languages, each defining a major branch. Select a branch to explore its languages, sound laws, and attested reflexes of PIE roots.
Albanian, a single-language branch of IE.
Earliest-attested IE branch. Hittite, Luwian, Palaic.
Armenian, a single-language branch of IE.
Lithuanian, Latvian, Old Prussian.
Baltic and Slavic languages.
Irish, Welsh, Breton, Scottish Gaelic.
English, German, Dutch, the Scandinavian languages.
Greek and its historical varieties.
Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, and related languages.
Largest IE branch: Indo-Aryan, Iranian, and Nuristani.
Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, and related languages.
Latin, Oscan, Umbrian, and the Romance languages.
The reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
Daughter languages of Latin: French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian.
Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbian, Bulgarian.
Easternmost IE branch from the Tarim Basin.