PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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G1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
gʷelh₁-mn̥-	a piercing, pain, torment	actionsuffering	high	0

K1 root

ḱam-

toil, be weary, suffer

emotionsuffering

medium

P2 roots

peth₁-neh₂	pain, suffering, endurance	emotionsuffering	high	0
pleh₁-ḱ-mn̥-	a blow, striking	actionsuffering	high	0

W1 root

werḱ-mn̥-

wringing, pain, punishment

actionsuffering

high