PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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D1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
dʰe-	to set down	positionrelation	high	0

H9 roots

h₂ed	to, near, at (proximity)	positionrelation	high
h₁eǵʰs	out of, from within	positionrelation	high
h₂embʰi	around, on both sides	positionrelation	high
h₁en	in, into, within	positionrelation	high
h₂ent-	front, forehead, against	positionrelation	high
h₁enter	between, among, within	positionrelation	high
h₂ep-	away from, off, above	positionrelation	high
h₂epi	at, near, before	positionrelation	high
h₂epo	off, away, behind	positionrelation	high

K2 roots

ḱe-	this, here (proximal deictic)	positionrelation	high	0
ḱom	beside, with, together	positionrelation	high	0

N2 roots

n̥dʰer-	under, below	positionrelation	high	0
n̥dʰo	in, within, inside	positionrelation	high	0

P1 root

per-

forward, through, far

positionrelationmotion

high

T2 roots

terh₂-	to cross over, to pass through	positionrelationmotion	high	0
to-	that, there (distal deictic)	positionrelation	high	0

U2 roots

ud-	up, out, upward	positionrelation	high	0
upo	under, up from below, over	positionrelation	high	0