PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B2 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰeHg-d-	to bake, to harden by heat	foodcraft	high	0
bʰendʰ-mn̥	something bound, a binding	craftaction	high	0

D5 roots

dʰeh₁-bʰr-₂	a craftsman workshop, a smith	craftsociety	high
dʰeh₁-bʰr-eh₂	workshop, place of making	craftplace	high
dʰeh₁-bʰr-mn̥-	craft-work, made thing	craftproduct	high
dʰewgʷʰ-	to be useful, to produce	craftfood	high
dʰreǵ-tó-	something drawn or dragged	actioncraft	high

G4 roots

gerH-d-	to scrape, to scratch a surface	actioncraft	medium
gʰrebʰ-₅	to write, to scratch marks into surface	communicationcraft	high
gʰrebʰ-mn̥	something scratched, a mark or letter	communicationcraft	high
gʰrebʰ-s-	to engrave, to carve signs	craftcommunication	medium

H10 roots

h₂eḱ-meh₂-	anvil, striking surface	toolcraft	medium
h₂enh₁-dʰ-	to strike on (an anvil)	toolsweaponscraft	medium
h₂ep-mn̥	act of fitting, skill at joining	actioncraft	medium
h₂erǵ-es-	a working, energetic action	actioncraft	high
h₂erg-mn̥	something worked, a thing of value	craftbody	high
h₂erg-mn̥-₂	work, labor, a working	bodycraft	high
h₂erH-d-	to fit together, to join properly	craftsociety	high
h₂eyos	metal, copper/bronze	toolscraft	high
h₂melh₂-	to crush, to grind (with a hammer)	toolsweaponscraft	high
h₁werg-mn̥-	work product, made thing	craftcreation	high

K4 roots

kelp-mn̥	a carving, sculpted work	craftcommunication	medium
ḱenk-₂	to gird, to bind around the waist	bodycraft	medium
kerh₂-d-	to mix, to stir together	craftfood	medium
kerH-mn̥-	heating device, oven, furnace	domesticfirecraft	high

M1 root

meh₂-ǵ-

to knead, to work dough

craftfood

high

P3 roots

peh₂-tl-	a dish, a flat vessel for food	foodcraft	medium
pleḱ-eyo-	to keep folding, weaving	craftstructure	high
pleḱ-mn̥	something braided, wickerwork	crafttextile	medium

S9 roots

sew-eyo-	to keep stitching, sewing	craftbinding	high
sew-mn̥-₂	act of stitching, the sewn thing	crafttextile	high
sew-tl-	instrument for sewing, needle or awl	crafttool	medium
sewh₁-	to sew, to stitch	actioncrafttextile	high
skerbʰ-₂	to cut, to scratch marks	actioncraft	high
smeh₂-	to smear, to apply a substance	actioncraft	medium
sneh₁-tl-	instrument for spinning, thread	crafttextile	medium
steh₂-men-	fixed thread, upright loom-thread	craftmaterial	high
strebʰ-	to turn, to twist tightly	actioncraft	medium

T4 roots

tek-mn̥	something built, a structure	craftconstruction	high
teḱ-s-leh₂	woven fabric, craft product	domesticcraft	high
teks-neh₂	skill in weaving, craftsmanship	craftskill	high
teks-tro-	woven thing, interlaced material	craftmaterial	high

W5 roots

webʰ-₂	to weave, to move back and forth on a loom	crafttextile	high
webʰ-mn̥-₂	woven thing, fabric	craftmaterial	high
werǵ-mn̥	something worked, an act	actioncraft	high
werg-mn̥-	a work, made thing	craftproduct	high
werḱ-	to work, to do, to make	toolscraftlabor	high