PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰergh-	to protect, preserve, hide	protectionshelter	high	0

G2 roots

gʰer-dʰ-	to enclose with words, protect	enclosureprotection	high	0
ǵherdʰ-	to gird, encircle, fortify	enclosureprotection	high	0

H6 roots

h₂elg-	to ward off, protect	protectionwarfare	high
h₂erk-	to hold, contain, guard	containmentprotection	high
h₂erk-₃	to ward off, defend	protectiondefense	high
h₂erḱ-eyo-	to keep warding off, defending	protectiondefense	high
h₂eyg-es-	illness, affliction	healthprotection	medium
h₂eyg-es-₂	goat, goat-related	animalprotection	medium

K2 roots

kel-mn̥-	covering, helmet, concealment	protectionconcealment	high	0
kelp-₂	to hold, keep safe	protectionaid	high	0

S1 root

solh₂-eyo-

to make whole, save, heal

healthprotection

high

W2 roots

werh₁-mn̥-	a covering, protective barrier	protectiondefense	high	0
werh₃-mn̥-	a covering, ward, protection	protectionsocial	high	0