PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B3 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence
bʰeh₂-d-	to go, step, walk	movementwalking	medium
bʰer-eyo-	to carry repeatedly, bear habitually	movementtransport	high
bʰer-tó-	carried, borne	movementbearing	high

D9 roots

dʰrebʰ-	to drive, push, run	movementforce	high
dʰrebʰ-eyo-	to keep running, drive	movementforce	high
dʰreǵ-	to draw, drag, pull along	actionmovement	high
dʰreǵ-mn̥	that which is dragged, burden	weightmovement	high
dhregh-	to pull, drag, carry	movementaction	high
dʰreh₁ǵ-	to pull, to drag, to draw	actionmovementforce	high
dʰreyb-mn̥-	a driving, forced movement	movementforce	high
dreh₂-	to run, to move quickly	actionmovementspeed	high
dreHb-	to step heavily, trample	movementimpact	medium

G15 roots

gʰengʰ-	to step, go, march	movementwalking	high
gleyd-	to move smoothly, glide	movementsmoothness	medium
gʷeh₂-	to go, walk	movementwalking	high
gʷeh₃-	to tread, step on	movementwalking	high
gʷeh₂-mn̥	step, going, base	movementfoundation	high
gʷeh₂-tó-	gone, stepped	movement	high
gʷelH-eyo-	to keep throwing, casting	actionmovement	high
gʷelH-mn̥-₂	thrown thing, projectile	weaponmovement	high
gʷem-₂	to go, come, step	movementtravel	high
gʷem-eyo-	to keep coming, arriving	movementarrival	high
gʷem-mn̥-	a coming, approach, convention	movementsocial	high
gʷem-tú-	a coming, arrival	movementarrival	high
gʷheH-	to stride, step forward	movementlocomotion	high
gʷreh₂-d-	to step, walk, go (extended)	movementwalking	high
gʷreh₂-d-mn̥	step, degree	movementmeasurement	high

H30 roots

h₂eǵ-eyo-	to keep driving, manage	actionmovement	high
h₂eǵ-mn̥	that which is driven, course	movementleadership	high
h₂eǵ-mn̥-₃	action, movement, agitation	actionmovement	high
h₂eḱ-tó-	sharpened, driven	actionmovement	high
h₂enḱ-	to reach, attain, carry on hip	bodymovement	medium
h₂epo-steh₂-	to stand away from, rebel	movementseparation	high
h₃er-₂	to move, stir, arise	movementbeginning	high
h₁ergh-	to shake, quiver, move jerkily	movementvibration	medium
h₁ey-mn̥-	a going, wandering particle	movementscience	high
h₃ey-mn̥-	way, path, journey	movementpath	high
h₁ey-sko-	to begin to go, set out	movementtravel	medium
h₁ey-tó-	gone, departed, past	movementdeath	high
h₂eyg-eyo-	to keep driving forward, urging	movementaction	high
h₃eyH-	to go, travel, journey	movementtravel	high
h₃eyH-mn̥	journey, going	travelmovement	high
h₁eyH-mn̥-	a going, journey, track	movementscience	high
h₃eyH-s-	to go quickly, rush	movementspeedbiology	medium
h₁leydʰ-	to go, to depart, to die	actionmovementdeath	high
h₂neg-	to swim, float along	movementwater	high
h₂neḱ-eyo-	to keep reaching, attaining	movementachievement	medium
h₃orbʰ-it-	circular path, track	shapemovement	high
h₁reHp-	to creep, crawl	movementanimal	high
h₁rewsH-	to move violently, rush	movementspeed	medium
h₃reydʰ-	to ride, to travel, to move	actionmovementtransport	high
h₁reyk-eyo-	to keep reaching, stretching for	movementextension	high
h₁weg-	to weave, move in woven path	movementpathtextile	high
h₂wegʰ-	to ride, go on a vehicle	transportmovement	high
h₂welh₁-eyo-	to keep rolling, revolve	movementrotation	high
h₂welh₁-mn̥-	a rolling, thing that turns	movementshape	high
h₂welh₁-tó-	rolled, turned over	movementrotation	high

K17 roots

keh₂-d-eyo-	to keep sharpening, inciting	eventmovement	medium
ḱeh₂-d-mn̥-	a falling, downfall	movementdecline	high
keh₂d-	to fall, drop, befall	movementfate	high
ḱeh₂d-₂	to fall, drop, happen	movementfatelaw	high
kelh₁-₂	to drive, set in motion	movementspeed	high
krawb-	to move on all fours, crawl	movementanimal	medium
kreHp-mn̥-	a creeping, crawling thing	animalmovement	high
krew-p-	to move close to ground, creep	movementstealth	high
kʷeh₁-t-	to shake, agitate	movementforce	high
kʷekʷlo-₂	turning thing, wheel, cycle	shapemovementtool	high
kʷel-₂	to turn, revolve, dwell around	movementdwellingagriculture	high
kʷel-mn̥	that which revolves, wheel	movementvehicletechnology	high
kʷer-eyo-₂	to keep running, coursing	movementflow	high
kʷer-s-	to run, course	movementspeed	high
kʷer-s-eyo-	to keep running, racing	movementspeed	high
kʷer-s-mn̥	running, course	movementpath	high
kʷerp-	to turn, move around	movementrotation	high

L1 root

leyH-₂

to lean, incline

spatialmovement

high

M3 roots

mew-k-	to slip, move quickly	movementbody	medium
meyH-	to change, exchange, go	changeexchangemovement	high
meyH-tó-	changed, exchanged, moved	changemovement	high

P11 roots

peh₂-d-	to tread, walk, foot	movementbody	high
pent-	to tread, walk, path	movementpathreligion	high
per-tú-	crossing, passage, ford	movementcrossing	high
peth₁-	to spread out, extend	spatialmovement	high
peth₁-eyo-	to keep falling, rush down	movementdirection	high
peth₂-eyo-	to keep spreading, opening	movementextension	high
peth₂-sko-	to begin to spread, open out	movementextension	medium
peth₁-tú-	a falling, rushing toward	movementforce	high
plew-d-	to flow, float, flee	watermovement	high
plew-k-	to float, fly, flow	movementairwater	medium
plew-mn̥-₂	a flowing, stream, flood	watermovement	high

S14 roots

skend-	to leap, climb, spring	movementspatial	high
sker-₂	to bend, turn, circle	shapemovement	high
skerb-	to twist, turn sharply, swerve	movementdirection	medium
sleyb-	to slip, be slippery	movementsurface	high
sleyd-	to slide, glide along a surface	movementsurface	high
sneh₂-	to swim, flow, bathe	watermovement	medium
snew-	to flow, swim, drip	watermovement	medium
srew-mn̥-	a flow, stream, current	watermovement	high
srew-p-	to flow, stream, drip	watermovement	high
stag-	to sway, totter, stagger	movementinstability	medium
stel-eyo-	to keep sending, dispatching	movementcommunication	high
steygʰ-	to stride, march, ascend	movementascent	high
steyǵʰ-mn̥-	stepped path, ascending way	movementpath	high
stumb-	to stumble, trip, collide with	movementimpact	medium

T4 roots

tregʰ-	to drag, pull, draw along	movementforce	high
trem-	to tremble, quake with fear	emotionfearmovement	high
trem-mn̥-	a trembling, quaking	movementemotion	high
trep-	to turn, change	changemovement	high

W7 roots

wegʰ-₂	to carry, convey, move on wheels	transportmovement	high
wegʰ-eyo-	to keep carrying, conveying	movementtransport	high
wendʰ-	to turn, wander, wind along	movementpath	high
werH-t-	to turn, rotate, wind	movementrotation	high
wert-eyo-	to keep turning, revolve	movementrotation	high
weyp-	to tremble, vibrate, wind	movementaction	high
weyp-eyo-	to keep trembling, vibrating	movementvibration	high