PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B3 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence
bʰerh₂-	to bore, to pierce, to well up	structurestools	high
bʰewgʰ-	to bend (a bow)	toolsweapons	high
bʰeyd-	to split, to cleave (blade)	toolsweapons	high

H5 roots

h₂egʷs-ih₂	axe, chopping tool	toolsweapons	high
h₂enh₁-dʰ-	to strike on (an anvil)	toolsweaponscraft	medium
h₂erkʷ-	to bend, to form an arrow/bow	toolsweapons	high
h₂eyos	metal, copper/bronze	toolscraft	high
h₂melh₂-	to crush, to grind (with a hammer)	toolsweaponscraft	high

K4 roots

keg-	to catch, to hook	toolsweapons	medium
klew-b-	to strike with a club, lump	toolsweapons	medium
kneyH-	to scrape, to cut with a knife	toolsweapons	medium
ḱpey-	sharp point, spear	toolsweapons	medium

N2 roots

ned-	to bind, to knot (a net)	toolsweaponscloth	high	0
neh₁-	to spin, to sew with a needle	clothdresstools	high	0

S1 root

swerd-

to cut, sword

toolsweapons

medium

W1 root

werḱ-

to work, to do, to make

toolscraftlabor

high

Y1 root

yugóm

yoke, to join

toolsagriculture

high