PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B2 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰleg-mn̥	burning, inflammation	firebodymedicine	high	0
bʰleh₁-d-	to gush out, to flow with blood	bodymedicine	high	0

D1 root

deh₃-s-mn̥

a portion given, allotment

medicineexchange

high

G3 roots

gʰel-s-	bile, bitter yellow fluid	bodymedicine	high
ǵheysd-mn̥	hand, the grasping organ	bodymedicine	high
gʷenh₂-ikos	relating to women, female	kinshipmedicine	medium

H4 roots

h₂elk-	to ward off, to defend against disease	medicinedefense	medium
h₂eyg-₂	to be sick, to suffer from illness	bodymedicine	medium
h₂ḱew-mn̥-	sharpened thing, stone tool	toolmedicine	high
h₂weys-	to flow with poison, venom	medicineanimal	high

K3 roots

kayl-₂	whole, uninjured, sound in body	medicinebody	high
kewh₂s-	to cough, to expel air violently	bodysoundmedicine	medium
kʷeHs-	to gasp, to pant, to wheeze	bodysoundmedicine	medium

M6 roots

med-	to take measures, to attend to	medicinecognition	high
med-mn̥	act of measuring, a remedy	medicinecognition	high
meh₁-d-mn̥	that which is measured, remedy	medicinemeasurement	high
meh₂-n-mn̥	act of thinking, a remembering	cognitionmedicine	high
meh₁-t-	to measure, to allot a measured portion	measurementmedicine	high
meh₁d-	to measure, give advice	measurementmedicinejudgment	high

P3 roots

pewH-n-₂	a purifying or cleansing agent	lawmedicine	high
pnew-	to breathe, to pant	bodymedicine	high
pstew-	to sneeze, to expel through the nose	bodysoundmedicine	medium

S3 roots

srew-es-	a flow, a running stream	watermedicine	high
srew-mn̥	a flowing, a stream course	watermedicine	high
swelH-	to swell, to become distended	bodymedicine	high

W1 root

welh₁-n-

an injury, a wound

bodymedicine

high

Y1 root

yewk-

to itch, to scratch an irritation

bodymedicine

medium