PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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H4 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence
h₂ner-mn̥-	manliness, vigor, strength	bodystrength	high
h₂ner-t-	manly, vigorous	personstrength	high
h₂welh₂-	to be strong, to prevail	strengthpower	high
h₂welh₂-tó-	strong, powerful	strengthevaluation	high

K1 root

karh₂-tó-

hard, strong, resistant

texturestrength

high

S1 root

steh₂-mn̥-₂

standing upright, post

structurestrength

high

T1 root

tewg-

to be strong, firm, tough

texturestrength

medium