PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B2 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰlendʰ-	to become dim, confused, blend	visionconfusion	high	0
bʰlendʰ-₂	to become unclear in vision, to be blind	visionbody	high	0

D3 roots

derk-	to see, look at	vision	high
derk-mn̥	glance, piercing look	visionanimalmythology	high
derkʷ-	to see clearly, gaze at	perceptionvision	high

G4 roots

gʰaws-	to gaze, observe, perceive	visionobservation	medium
gʰel-it-	to sparkle, to flash with light	lightvision	medium
gʰleyd-	to gleam, to shine intermittently	lightvision	medium
gʷeyd-	to know, see, find	cognitionvision	high

H9 roots

h₃eḱ-₂	to see with the eye	visionbody	high
h₃eḱ-mn̥	swift motion, eye	visionspeedbody	high
h₃eḱ-mn̥-₂	sharpness, point of the eye	bodyvision	high
h₃eḱ-tl-	instrument for seeing, the eye	bodyvision	high
h₂ekʷ-	to see, perceive	visionperception	high
h₂ewg-	to shine, see	visionlightbody	high
h₂weyd-₂	to see, perceive, know	visioncognition	high
h₂weyd-es-	appearance, form, visible shape	visioncognition	high
h₂weyd-mn̥-₂	form, visible shape	visioncognition	high

S8 roots

skeh₁-mn̥	a shadow, a reflection	lightvision	medium
skey-h₂-	to cast a shadow, to shade	lightvision	high
speh₁-ḱ-	to look, observe carefully	visionobservation	high
speh₁-ḱ-mn̥	that which is observed, sight	visionobservation	high
speh₁-ḱ-mn̥-₂	act of looking, observation	visioncognition	high
speh₁-ḱ-yo-	to look at carefully, observe	perceptionvision	high
spek-	to observe carefully, to look at	visioncognition	high
speḱ-eyo-	to keep looking, observing	perceptionvision	high

W1 root

weyd-eyo-

to keep seeing, oversee

perceptionvision

high