PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰew-	to be, to grow, to become	lifeexistence	high	0

G13 roots

ǵenh₁-	to beget, to produce, to be born	creationkinshiplife	high	46
ǵenh₁-eyo-	to keep generating, producing	creationlife	high	0
ǵenh₁-mn̥-₂	seed, germ, offspring	lifeorigin	high	0
ǵenh₁-sko-	to come into being, begin to be born	lifeorigin	high	0
ǵenh₁-tḱo-	relating to birth, of a kind	lifeclassification	high	0
ǵenH-tl-	means of producing, birth instrument	lifekinship	high	0
gʷey-	to live, to sustain life	life	high	0
gʷeyh₃-mn̥	living thing, creature	lifebiology	high	0
gʷeyh₃-teh₂	life force, living state	lifestate	high	0
gʷeyh₃-tl-	means of living, sustenance	foodlife	high	0
gʷeyh₃-tó-	alive, living	lifevitality	high	0
gʷeyh₃-tó-₂	alive, living, vital force	lifehealth	high	0
gʷeyh₃-wó-	alive, living, vital	lifequality	high	0

H9 roots

h₂enh₃-	to breathe, blow	breathlife	high
h₂enh₁-eyo-	to keep breathing, animating	lifebreath	high
h₂enh₁-m-eh₂	breath, soul, life-breath	lifespirit	high
h₂enh₁-mn̥	breath, vital spirit	bodylife	high
h₂ent-mn̥	breath, spirit, self	breathspiritlife	high
h₂ey-w-	vital force, life, eternity	timelife	high
h₂eyw-	to live a long time, to have vital force	timelife	high
h₂lewdʰ-sko-	to begin to grow, start developing	growthlife	high
h₂yew-n-	vital force, youthful vigor	lifetime	high

L3 roots

leyp-₂	to smear, stick, be fat	bodylife	high
leyp-₃	to stick, be sticky, adhere	bodyadhesionlife	high
leyp-₄	to be sticky, to smear with fat	bodylife	high

S3 roots

seh₁-mn̥	seed, the thing sown	agriculturelife	high
seh₁-mn̥-	seed, that which is planted	agriculturelife	high
speyH-r-	to breathe, blow spirally	airlifebreath	high

W1 root

weyh₁-tó-

pursued, hunted

lifevitality

high