PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰerǵ-mn̥-₂	something protected, a pledge	exchangesociety	medium	0

D9 roots

deh₃-mn̥-₂	a giving, a portion allotted	lawexchange	high
deh₃-no-	thing given, gift, portion	exchangegiving	high
deh₃-r-₂	a gift, something given freely	exchangereligion	high
deh₃-s-	to give as instruction, to teach	exchangecommunication	high
deh₃-s-mn̥	a portion given, allotment	medicineexchange	high
deh₃-tl-	instrument of giving, a device for dispensing	exchange	medium
deh₃-tl-₂	means of giving, dispensation	exchangelaw	high
deh₁-yt-	something owed, a binding obligation	lawexchange	high
dews-	to lack, to be in need	exchangesociety	medium

G1 root

gʰabʰ-

to give or receive

exchangesociety

high

H5 roots

h₃ep-n-	riches, abundance	exchangesociety	high
h₂erǵ-mn̥-₂	shining substance, money	materialexchange	medium
h₂erǵ-nt-om	the white metal, silver, money	materialexchange	high
h₂eyḱ-	to possess, to be master of	societyexchange	high
h₂eyḱ-mn̥	possession, property owned	societyexchange	medium

M2 roots

mey-tʰ-	to exchange, trade, change	exchangechange	high	0
meyH-	to change, exchange, go	changeexchangemovement	high	0

P1 root

preti-

back and forth, value given in return

exchangevalue

high

S3 roots

selh₂-	to take, to grab hold of	exchange	medium
spend-₂	to pour a libation, to promise solemnly	religionexchange	high
spend-eyo-	to keep weighing out, expending	exchangeaction	high

W2 roots

weh₁-d-	to pledge, to guarantee	lawexchange	high	0
wes-no-	a purchase price, value in exchange	exchangesociety	high	0