PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B2 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰleh₁-wo-	yellow, golden-hued	colorappearance	medium	0
bʰosos	bare, naked	qualitiesappearance	medium	0

G3 roots

gʰelh₃-	to shine, yellow, green, gold	colorappearance	high
gʰelh₃-wo-	yellow, greenish	colorappearance	high
gʷheh₂-	to shine, appear, seem	lightappearance	high

H3 roots

h₂elbʰ-	white, pale, bright	colorappearance	high
h₁rewdʰ-	red, ruddy	colorappearance	high
h₁rewdʰ-ro-	red-colored, ruddy	colorappearance	high

K3 roots

krsnó-	black, dark	colorappearance	medium
ḱweyt-	white, bright, to shine	colorappearance	high
ḱyeh₁-wo-	dark, blue-gray	colorappearance	medium

P1 root

polH-

pale, gray, fallow

colorappearance

high

S2 roots

speḱ-mn̥-	a looking, appearance, vision	perceptionappearance	high	0
sweid-	to shine, bright, white	colorappearance	medium	0