PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B2 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰewdʰ-	to be aware, to awaken	mentalsenses	high	0
bʰeydʰ-	to trust, to confide	mentalsocial	high	0

D1 root

deyḱ-

to show, to point

mentalsocial

high

G4 roots

gʰeh₁-	to call, to invoke	mentalsocial	medium
gʰer-	to desire, to yearn	mentalemotion	high
gʰrebʰ₂-	to write, to scratch	makingmental	high
ǵneh₃-sk-	to know, to recognize	mental	high

H2 roots

h₂ḱew-	to perceive, to hear	sensesmental	high	0
h₂welh₁-	to wish, to choose	mentalsocial	high	0

K3 roots

ḱens-	to proclaim, to speak solemnly	mentalsocial	high
ḱerd-yo-	to believe, to trust	mentalsocial	high
ḱewd-	to hide, to conceal	mentalmaking	high

M1 root

meh₁-

to measure

mentalmaking

high

P1 root

preh₂-

to ask, to pray

mentalsocial

high

S2 roots

sengʷʰ-	to sing, to chant	mentalart	high	0
speḱ-	to look, to observe	sensesmental	high	0

T2 roots

terh₁-	to cross, to overcome	motionmental	high	0
terp-	to satisfy, to enjoy	mentalemotion	medium	0

W2 roots

weḱ-	to speak, to voice	socialmental	high	0
werh₁-	to speak, to say	mentalsocial	high	0