PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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D2 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
delbʰ-	to dig, delve, hollow	earthactiongeography	high	0
dʰǵʰem-	earth, ground	natureearth	high	0

G1 root

gʷer-

mountain, elevated terrain

natureearth

medium

H3 roots

h₂eḱ-men-	stone, sharp stone	natureearth	high
h₂eḱsmen-	stone, thunderbolt	natureearth	medium
h₂erH-	to plough, till the land	agricultureearth	high

P1 root

perk-

to dig up, furrow

agricultureearth

high

T2 roots

terh₁-s-mn̥-	dry land, earth, territory	landscapeearth	high	0
ters-	to be dry, thirst	earthphysical_state	high	0