PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B2 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰleh₁-s-	to blow, to blast	soundweather	high	0
bʰleḱ-	to flash, lightning flash	weatherlight	high	0

D2 roots

dʰewh₂-	to flow, to run in drops	weatherwater	high	0
dʰweyh₂-mn̥	smoke, vapor rising from fire	fireweather	high	0

G5 roots

gel-	cold, to freeze	natureweather	high
ǵʰey-	winter, cold, snow	natureweather	high
ǵʰeymen-	winter, cold season	weatherseasontime	high
gʰreh₂d-	frozen pellets from sky, hail	weather	medium
gʰrem-	to be angry, thunder, roar	emotionsoundweather	high

H10 roots

h₂eḱ-mn̥	sharp stone, thunderbolt	materialweather	high
h₁eyǵ-	icy, to be covered in ice	weatherlandscape	high
h₃nebʰ-	cloud, mist, sky	weathersky	high
h₂weh₁-n-	wind, moving air	weather	high
h₂weh₁-nt-	blowing, wind	weatherair	high
h₂weh₁-t-	wind, blowing (nominal)	weatherair	high
h₂wéh₁n̥tos	wind, blowing	natureweather	high
h₁weHs-r-	spring, spring season	weatherseason	high
h₂weHs-r-	spring season, the verdant time	timeweather	high
h₂welg-	to be damp, to be moist	weather	medium

N3 roots

nebʰ-	cloud, mist	natureweather	high
nebʰ-₂	damp cloud, fog, mist	weathersky	high
nebʰ-eyo-	to keep clouding, obscuring	weatherobscurity	medium

P2 roots

pres-	to freeze, burn with cold	temperatureweather	high	0
prews-	to freeze, to burn with cold	weathertemperature	high	0

S3 roots

sneyǵʰ-	to precipitate snow	weather	high	0
sneyǵʰ-mn̥-	snowfall, act of snowing	weatherprecipitation	high	0
snéygʷʰ-	snow, frozen precipitation	natureweather	high	13

W3 roots

weh₁-t-	to blow, inspire	weatherair	high
weh₂-tó-	blown, windy	weatherair	high
werh₃-s-	to rain, to drip moisture	waterweather	medium

Other3 roots

(H)meyǵʰ-	to urinate, to mist	weatherbody	medium
(s)teh₂n-	to thunder	natureweathersound	high
(s)tenh₂-	to crash, to thunder	weathersound	high