PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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G3 roots

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence
gʷreh₂-d-mn̥	step, degree	movementmeasurement	high
gʷreh₂-w-mn̥-	a weighing, measured mass	measurementwriting	high
gʷreh₂-wis-	weighing, heaviness	weightmeasurement	high

H3 roots

h₂eḱ-r-₃	sharp point, peak of excellence	measurementbody	high
h₁nek-	to reach, to attain, to carry to completion	measurementmotion	medium
h₃reǵ-mn̥	rule, direction, standard	lawmeasurementauthority	high

K2 roots

kens-eyo-	to keep assessing, declaring	judgmentmeasurement	high	0
kʷo-ti-	how much, of what amount	quantitymeasurement	high	0

M8 roots

med-eyo-	to heal, attend to, measure	healthmeasurement	high
med-mn̥-	a measure, middle, means	measurementposition	high
meh₁-d-mn̥	that which is measured, remedy	medicinemeasurement	high
meh₁-s-	to measure out (extended)	timemeasurement	high
meh₁-t-	to measure, to allot a measured portion	measurementmedicine	high
meh₁d-	to measure, give advice	measurementmedicinejudgment	high
men-s-	to measure (monthly), moon	timecelestialmeasurement	high
men-s-mn̥-	measured thing, dimension	measurementsize	high

N1 root

neh₁-mn̥

an apportioned thing, a custom

measurementsociety

high

P1 root

pewh₂-r-₂

small, a few

measurement

high

R1 root

reg-mn̥

act of stretching, a reaching

actionmeasurement

high

S2 roots

skend-mn̥	that which climbs, rung	ascentmeasurement	high	0
speh₁-d-	to succeed, to prosper, to have space	motionmeasurement	high	0

T3 roots

telh₂-	to lift, to bear, to weigh	measurementaction	high
temh₁-es-	period of heat/dark, time segment	timemeasurement	high
ten-mn̥	something stretched, a thin surface	materialmeasurement	high