PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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D1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
deh₃-r-	to give, gift (extended)	givingsocialcommerce	high	0

G1 root

gʰel-d-

to pay, yield, gold

metalcommerce

high

H2 roots

h₂elg-₂	to earn, gain, merit	commercepossession	high	0
h₃emh₃-	to take hold of, possess	acquisitioncommerce	high	0

K1 root

krey-₂

to buy, trade, acquire

commerceacquisition

medium

T2 roots

teh₂g-	to touch, handle, arrange	contactcommercejudgment	high	0
teh₂w-	to cut, divide, assess	cuttingcommerceclassification	high	0