PIE Roots

An index of reconstructed Proto-Indo-European roots. Each entry links to a full page with descendant tables, sound law references, and scholarly discussion.

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B1 root

Root	Meaning	Semantic Field	Confidence	Descendants
bʰerw-mn̥-₂	boiling, fermenting mass	foodtemperatureprocess	high	0

D1 root

dʰeh₁-rm-

that which is heated, warm

temperaturequality

high

G7 roots

gʰer-mn̥-₂	warmth, heat (nominal)	heattemperature	high
gʰerH-mn̥	a warm thing, heated substance	temperature	high
gʷerH-mn̥	warmth, heated state	temperature	high
gʷerH-tl-	means of warming, a furnace	temperatureconstruction	medium
gʷher-₂	to be warm, hot	temperaturefire	high
gʷher-eyo-	to keep warming, heating	temperatureaction	high
gʷher-mn̥-	warm thing, heated substance	temperaturetool	high

M1 root

meldʰ-₂

to be soft, yield to pressure

texturetemperature

high

P2 roots

pres-	to freeze, burn with cold	temperatureweather	high	0
prews-	to freeze, to burn with cold	weathertemperature	high	0

T1 root

tep-

to be warm, to make lukewarm

temperature

medium