stelh₂-

to put, to place, to set up
Widely acceptedactionpositionstructure

Put, place, set up

A PIE verbal root meaning "to put, to place, to set up," continued in Germanic *stallaz ("standing p‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍lace"), whence stall, still, and install; Greek stéllein (στέλλειν, "to send, to set in order"), whence apostle, epistle, and peristalsis; and Latin locus from *stlocus ("a place, where something is set").

Discussion

The root *stelh₂- ("to put, to place") is reconstructed from Greek stéllein (στέλλειν, "to send, to ‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌set in order, to equip"), Old English steall ("place, position, stall"), Old High German stellen ("to put, to place"), and Lithuanian stelti ("to set up"). Pokorny (IEW 1019) and Rix (LIV² s.v. *stelH-) provide the reconstruction.

Greek stéllein (στέλλειν, "to send, to prepare, to set in order") produced a rich compound vocabulary: apóstolοs (ἀπόστολος, "one sent forth," whence apostle), epistolḗ (ἐπιστολή, "a message, letter," whence epistle), peristaltikós ("compressing around," whence peristalsis), and diastolḗ ("a drawing apart," whence diastole in cardiology vs. systole).

Germanic *stallaz ("standing place, position") gave Old English steall, whence stall (a fixed position for selling or housing animals). The verb install (from Medieval Latin installāre, via Germanic) means literally "to place in a stall/position." Still (Old English stille, "fixed, quiet") derives from the same root: what is placed remains motionless. Stalk (the stem of a plant, "that which stands up") may also be related.

The semantic development from "placing" to "sending" (Greek) and "standing place" (Germanic) reflects two different perspectives on the same action: what is placed goes somewhere (sending) and occupies a position (standing).

Notes

gsc-gap: source of "stall", "still", "install", "apostle", "stalk", "pedestal"

Laryngeal Analysis

Contains *h₂; colours and lengthens preceding vowel.

Ablaut

Full grade *stelh₂-, zero grade *stl̥h₂-.

Last updated: 10 April 2026 · Generated by opus-4.6