srew-

to flow, to stream
Widely acceptedwaterliquidnature

stream

PIE root meaning to flow or to stream.‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍ Source of English "stream," Greek rheîn, and words for flowing water.

Discussion

*srew- is a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to flow" or "to stream," yielding words for flowing water, currents, and streams.‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍

The root gives Greek rheîn "to flow" and rhéos "stream, current" (whence English rheumatism, rhetoric—originally "flowing speech," diarrhea, and the Rh- prefix in river names like Rhine, though this connection is debated). Latin rivus may also be related, though most scholars derive it from *h₁reyH-.

Old English strēam "stream" (modern English stream) derives from the zero-grade form with the s-mobile prefix (*s-rew-mo-), with Grimm's Law giving *sr > str. German Strom "river, current" and Dutch stroom follow the same pattern. Old Norse straumr yields the Maelstrom compound.

Sanskrit sravati "flows" and srótas- "stream" preserve the root without the s-mobile. Lithuanian sravė́ti "to flow" confirms Balto-Slavic attestation.

The s-mobile in Germanic (stream vs. Greek rhein) is a classic example of this PIE phonological alternation. Modern descendants include English stream, rheumatism, rhythm (disputed), diarrhea, and German Strom.

Notes

Source of English "stream", Greek "rheîn" (to flow). Zero-grade *sru-.

Last updated: 10 April 2026 · Generated by opus-4.6