dʰeh₁-s-
“to set, place (extended)”Source of Latin -dere, English condition, abscond
Extended form of the root to place, yielding Latin compounds in -dere like abdere, conderer.
Discussion
The PIE form *dʰeh₁-s- is an extended form of the root *dʰeh₁- (to put, to place, to set, to do), one of the most productive verbal roots in the entire PIE vocabulary. The extension with *-s- may mark a resultative or completed-action nuance.
The base root *dʰeh₁- gave Latin facere (to do, to make) through the regular shift PIE *dʰ > Latin f. The English derivatives from facere alone fill pages: fact (that which was done), factor (one who does), factory (a place for doing/making), faculty (the ability to do), affair (ad-facere, something to do), effect (ex-facere, what is done out), perfect (per-factus, thoroughly done), sufficient (sub-facere, done from below — enough), deficit (dē-ficere, undone — lacking), sacrifice (sacri-ficium, making sacred — see *h₂yeh₂ǵ-), and artificial (arti-ficium, made with craft — see *h₂erH-).
Greek títhēmi (τίθημι, "I put, I place") continues the root with the reduplicated present characteristic of PIE athematic verbs. The derivative thésis (θέσις, "a placing, a proposition") gave English thesis, hypothesis (a placing-under, a foundation), synthesis (a placing-together), and antithesis (a placing-against).
Sanskrit dádhāti ("he puts, he places") preserves the reduplicated form matching Greek títhēmi. The identity of these two forms — da-dhā-ti = ti-thē-mi — is one of the classic proofs of the comparative method.
English do (OE dōn, from PGmc *dōną) may descend from this root, though the derivation is debated. If connected, the most basic English verb of action shares its ancestry with the Latin vocabulary of manufacturing, Greek philosophical propositions, and Sanskrit ritual placement.